Glenn S. Fleisig, Ph.D.

Adjunct Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Chu Y, Fleisig GS, Simpson KJ, Andrews JR. Biomechanical Comparison Between Elite Female and Male Baseball Pitchers. J Appl Biomech 25:22-31, 2009.

Escamilla RF, Zheng N, Macleod TD, Brent Edwards W, Imamura R, Hreljac A, Fleisig GS, Wilk KE, Moorman CT 3rd, Andrews JR. Patellofemoral Joint Force and Stress during the Wall Squat and One-Leg Squat. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 41(4):879-888, 2009

Fleisig G, Chu Y, Weber A, Andrews J. Variability in baseball pitching biomechanics among various levels of competition. Sports Biomech 8(1):10-21, 2009.

Escamilla RF, Zheng N, Imamura R, Macleod TD, Edwards WB, Hreljac A, Fleisig GS, Wilk KE, Moorman CT 3rd, Andrews JR. Cruciate Ligament Force during the Wall Squat and the One-Leg Squat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41(2):408-417, 2009.

Escamilla RF, Zheng N, Macleod TD, Edwards WB, Hreljac A, Fleisig GS, Wilk KE, Moorman CT, Imamura R, Andrews JR. Patellofemoral Joint Force and Stress between a Short and Long-Step Forward Lunge. J Orthop Sports Phys Therapy 38(11):681-690, 2008.

Escamilla RF, Zheng N, MacLeod TD, Edwards WB, Hreljac A, Fleisig GS, Wilk KE, Moorman CT, Imamura R. Patellofemoral compressive force and stress during the forward and side lunges with and without a stride. Clinical Biomechanics 23:1026–1037, 2008.

Dun S, Loftice J, Fleisig GS, Kingsley D, Andrews JR. A Biomechanical Comparison of Youth Baseball Pitches: Is the Curveball Potentially Harmful? Am J Sports Med 36(4):686-692, 2008.

Zheng N, Barrentine SW, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR. Kinematic Analysis of Swing in Pro and Amateur Golfers. Int J Sports Med 29(6):487-493, 2008.

Reinold MM, Wilk KE, Macrina LC, Sheheane C, Dun S, Fleisig GS, Crenshaw K, Andrews JR. Changes in Shoulder and Elbow Passive Range of Motion After Pitching in Professional Baseball Players. Am J Sports Med 36(3):523-527, 2008.

Dun S, Kingsley D, Fleisig GS, Loftice J, Andrews JR. Biomechanical comparison of the fastball from wind-up and the fastball from stretch in professional baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med 36(1):137-41, 2008.

Reinold MM, Macrina LC, Wilk KE, Fleisig GS, Dun S, Barrentine SW, Ellerbusch MT, Andrews JR. Electromyographic analysis of the supraspinatus and deltoid muscles during 3 common rehabilitation exercises. J Athl Training 42(4):464–469, 2007.

Hurowitz EJ, Gould JS, Fleisig GS, Fowler R. Outcome analysis of agility total ankle replacement with prior adjunctive procedures: two to six year followup. Foot & Ankle International 28(3):308-312, 2007.

Dun S, Fleisig GS, Loftice J, Kingsley D, Andrews JR. The relationship between age and baseball pitching kinematics in professional baseball pitchers. Journal of Biomechanics 40:265-270, 2007.

Escamilla RF, Barrentine SW, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, Takada Y, Kingsley D, Andrews JR. Pitching biomechanics as a pitcher approaches muscular fatigue during a simulated baseball game. Am J Sports Med 35:23-33, 2007.

Fleisig GS, Phillips R, Shatley A, Loftice J, Dun S, Drake S, Farris JW, Andrews JR. Kinematics and kinetics of youth baseball pitching with standard and lightweight balls. Sports Engineering 9:155-163, 2006.

Stodden DF, Fleisig GS, Langendorfer SJ, Andrews JR. Kinematic constraints in overarm throwing: part I: step and trunk actions. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 77(4):417-427, 2006.

Stodden DF, Fleisig GS, Langendorfer SJ, Andrews JR. Kinematic constraints in overarm throwing: part II: upper extremity actions. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 77(4):428-436, 2006.

Olsen SJ, Fleisig GS, Dun S, Loftice J, Andrews JR. Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers. American Journal of Sports Medicine 34:905-912, 2006

Gould JS, Kneidal M, Wagner E, Fleisig GS, Fowler R. Technique and Results of Achilles Tendon Detachment and Reconstruction for Insertional Achilles Tendinitis. Foot & Ankle International 27(9): 677-684, 2006.

Matsuo T, Fleisig GS. Simulated influence of shoulder abduction and lateral trunk tilt on peak elbow varus torque for college baseball pitchers. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 22:93-102, 2006

Fleisig GS, Kingsley DS, Loftice JW, Dinnen K, Ranganathan R, Dun S, Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Kinetic comparison among the fastball, curveball, change-up, and slider in collegiate baseball pitchers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 34(3):423-430, 2006

Stodden DF, Fleisig GS, McLean SP, Andrews JR. Relationship of biomechanical factors to baseball pitching velocity: within pitcher variation. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 21(1):44-56, 2005

Wagner W, Gould J, Bilen E, Fleisig GS, Wilk K, Fowler R. Change in Plantarflexion Strength after Complete Detachment and Reconstruction of the Achilles Tendon. Foot & Ankle International 25(11):800-804, 2004

Reinold MM, Wilk KE, Flesig GS, Zheng N, Barrentine SW, Chmielewski T, Cody RC, Jameson GG, Andrews JR. Electromyographic analysis of the rotator cuff and deltoid musculature during common shoulder external rotation exercise. Journal of Orthopedic Sports Physical Therapy 34(7):385-94, 2004

Petty DH, Andrews JR, Fleisig GS, Cain EL. Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in high school baseball players: Clinical results and injury risk factors. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 32(5):1158-1164, 2004

Nicholls R, Fleisig G, Elliott B, Lyman S, Osinski E. Accuract of qualitative analysis for assessment of skilled baseball pitching technique. Sports Biomechanics 2(2):213-26, 2003

Elliott B, Fleisig G, Nicholls R, Escamilla R. Technique effects on upper limb loading in the tennis serve. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 6(1):76-87, 2003

Fleisig GS, Nicholls RL, Elliott BC, Escamilla RF. Kinematics used by world class tennis players to produce high-velocity serves. Sports Biomechanics 2(1):17-30, 2003

Gould JS, Ali S, Fowler R, Fleisig GS. Anchor enhanced capsulorraphy in bunionectomies using an L-shaped capsulotomy. Foot & Ankle International 24(1):61-68, 2003

Lyman S, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Osinski ED. Effect of pitch type, pitch count, and pitching mechanics on risk of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 30(4):463-468, 2002

Escamilla R, Fleisig G, Barrentine S, Andrews J, Moorman C. Kinematic and kinetic comparisons between American and Korean professional baseball pitchers. Sports Biomechanics 1(2):213-228, 2002

Fleisig GS, Zheng N, Stodden DF, Andrews JR. Relationship between bat mass properties and bat mass velocity. Sports Engineering 5(1):1-8, 2002

Andrews JR, Heggland EJH, Fleisig GS, Zheng N. Relationship of ulnar collateral ligament strain to amount of medial olecranon osteotomy. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 29(6):716-721, 2001

Lyman S, Fleisig GS, Waterbor JW, Funkhouser EM, Pulley L, Andrews JR, Osinski ED, Roseman JM. Longitudinal study of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 33(11):1803-1810, 2001

Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, Lander JE, Barrentine SW, Andrews JR, Bergemann BW, Moorman CT. Effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during the squat and leg press. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 33(9):1552-1566, 2001

Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, Barrentine SW, Andrews, JR. Kinematic comparisons of 1996 olympic baseball pitchers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19:665-676, 2001

Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Lowry TM, Barrentine, SW, Andrews JR. A three-dimensional analysis of the squat during varying stance widths. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 33(6):984-998, 2001

Stodden DF, Fleisig GS, McLean SP, Lyman SL, Andrews JR. Relationship of pelvis and upper torso kinematics to pitched baseball velocity. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 17(2):164-172, 2001

Matsuo T, Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Andrews JR. Comparison of kinematic and temporal parameters between different pitch velocity groups. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 17(1):1-13, 2001

Fleisig G, Zheng N, Stodden D, Andrews J. Relationship between bat mass properties and bat velocity. In Blackwell JR (ed), Proceedings of XIX International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports: Oral Sessions (ISBN 0-9715218-0-8), San Francisco, pp. 100-103, 2000

Escamilla RF, Francisco AC, Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Welch CM, Kayes AV, Speer KP, Andrews JR. A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of sumo and conventional style deadlifts. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(7):1265-1275, 2000

Reinold MM, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Wilk KE, Jameson GG. Biomechanics and rehabilitation of elbow injuries during throwing. Athletic Therapy Today 5(3):12-18, 2000

Escamilla RF, Speer KP, Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Andrews JR. Effects of throwing overweight and underweight baseballs on throwing velocity and accuracy. Sports Medicine 30(4):259-272, 2000

Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Zheng N, Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of development. Journal of Biomechanics 32(12):1371-1375, 1999

Zheng N, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR. Biomechanics and injuries of the shoulder during throwing. Athletic Therapy Today 4(4):6-10, 1999

Jones K, Hunter G, Fleisig G, Escamilla R, Lemak L. The effects of compensatory acceleration on upper body strength and power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 13(2):99-105, 1999

Whiteside JA, Andrews JR, Fleisig GS. Elbow injuries in young baseball players. The Physician and Sports Medicine 27(6):87-102, 1999

Zheng N, Fleisig GS, Escamilla RF, Barrentine SW. An analytical model of the knee for estimation of internal forces during exercises. Journal of Biomechanics 31(10):963-967, 1998

Barrentine SW, Fleisig GS, Whiteside JW, Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of windmill softball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms at the shoulder and elbow. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 28(6):405-414, 1998

Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, Barrentine SW, Wilk KE, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of the knee during closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercises. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise 30(4):556-569, 1998

Barrentine SW, Matsuo T, Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR. Kinematic analysis of the wrist and forearm during baseball pitching. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 14(1):24-39,1998

Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Zheng N, Andrews JR. Kinematic comparisons of throwing different types of baseball pitches. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 14(1):1-23, 1998

Wilk KE, Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Andrews JR, Boyd ML. The comparison of tibiofemoral joint forces and electromyography during open and closed kinetic chain exercises. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 24(4):518-527, 1996

Fleisig GS, Escamilla RF, Andrews JR, Matsuo T, Satterwhite Y, Barrentine SW. Kinematic and kinetic comparison between baseball pitching and football passing. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 12(2):207-224, 1996

Wilk KE, Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Arrigo CA, Barrentine SW. Open and closed kinetic chain exercise for the lower extremity: theory and clinical application. Athletic Training: Sports Health Care Perspectives 1(4):336-346, 1995

Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Dillman CJ, Escamilla RF. Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 23(2):233-239, 1995

Lemak LJ, Fleisig GS, Welch CM, Marting B, Zvijac JE. Usefulness of partial swings in the rehabilitation of a golfer. In Cochran, AJ; Farrally, MR (eds), Science and Golf II, Proceedings of the World Scientific Congress of Golf, St. Andrews, Scotland. E & FN Spon. New York, 1994, pp. 14-19

Barrentine SW, Fleisig GS, Johnson H, Woolley TW. Ground reaction forces and torques of professional and amateur golfers. In Cochran, AJ; Farrally, MR (eds), Science and Golf II, Proceedings of the World Scientific Congress of Golf, St. Andrews, Scotland. E & FN Spon. New York, 1994, pp. 33-39

Werner SL, Fleisig GS, Dillman CJ, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of the elbow during baseball pitching. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 17(6):274-278, 1993

Dillman CJ, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of pitching with emphasis upon shoulder kinematics. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 18(2):402-408, 1993

Fleisig GS, Dillman CJ, Andrews JR. Proper mechanics for baseball pitching. Clinical Sports Medicine 1:151-170, 1989

Invited Papers

Zheng, N., Fleisig, GS, Andrews, JR and Gao, B. Effects of Active Resistance Knee Brace on Muscle Activities in Patients with Patellofemoral Joint Pain: Part I (Chinese). Chin J Orthop 28(6): 526-528, 2008.

Zheng, N., Fleisig, GS, Andrews, JR and Gao, B. Effects of Active Resistance Knee Brace on Muscle Activities in Patients with Patellofemoral Joint Pain: Part II (Chinese). Chin J Orthop 28(7): 610-612, 2008.

Kerut EK, Kerut DG, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR. Prevention of arm injuries in youth baseball pitchers. Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society 160(2):95-98, 2008.

Fleisig GS, Loftice J, Andrews JR. Elbow biomechanics during sports: 21^st century research. Techniques in Orthopaedics 21(4):228-238, 2006.

Lyman S, Fleisig GS. Baseball injuries. In Maffulli N, Caine DJ (eds): Epidemiology of Pediatric Sports Injuries: Team Sports. Med Sport Sci. Basel, Karger, vol 49, pp 9-30, 2005.

Loftice J, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of the elbow in sports. Clinics in Sports Medicine 23(4):519-530, 2004

Fleisig GS, Milliron K, Kempf C, Wolforth J. Special delivery: exploring the mechanics of softball pitching. Sports Medicine Update 16(4):16-18, 2002

Sloboda W, Fleisig GS. High-tech biomechanics. Sports Medicine Update 15(2):16-19, 2001

Fleisig G. The biomechanics of throwing. In Blackwell JR (ed), Proceedings of XIX International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports: Oral Sessions (ISBN 0-9715218-0-8), San Francisco, pp. 91-94, 2000

Wilk KE, Meister K, Fleisig G, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of the overhead throwing motion. Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review 8(2):124-134, 2000

Andrews JR, Fleisig GS, Whiteside JA. Little leaguer’s elbow: evaluation, treatment and prevention. Sports Medicine Update 14(3):11-15, 2000

Reinold MM, Fleisig GS, Wilk KE. Open kinetic chain versus closed kinetic chain rehabilitation of the knee. BioMechanics (supplement):27-32, 1999

Fleisig GS. Dangerous bats? A report on aluminum alloy bats used in amateur baseball. Sports Medicine Update 14(2):8-9, 1999

Barrentine SW, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR. Armed forces. BioMechanics 6(4):12-22, 1999

Lyman SL, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Osinski ED. Youth pitching injuries: first-ever examination sheds light on arm injuries in youth baseball. Sports Medicine Update 13(2):4-9, 1998

Andrews JR, Fleisig GS. Preventing throwing injuries: sports medicine community needs to take an active role. Sports Medicine Update 13(2):4-9, 1998

Andrews JR, Fleisig GS. Preventing throwing injuries. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 27(3):187-188, 1998

Jameson GG, Fleisig GS. Ulnar collateral ligament demands: investigating the biomechanics of UCL injuries. Sports Medicine Update 12(3):4-7, 1997

Wilk KE, Zheng N, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Clancy WG. Kinetic chain exercise: implications for the anterior cruciate ligament patient. J Sport Rehab 6:125-143, 1997

Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of overhand throwing with implications for injuries. Sports Medicine 21(6):421-437, 1996

Andrews JR, Fleisig GS. How many pitches should I allow my child to throw? USA Baseball News April, 1996

Fleisig GS, Escamilla RF. Biomechanics of the elbow in the throwing athlete. Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine 4(2):62-68, 1996

Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW. Biomechanical aspects of the elbow in sports. Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review 3(3):149-159, 1995

Wilk KE, Fleisig GS. Motion analysis and sports medicine. Rehab Management Magazine 7(4):69-73, 1994

Wick HJ, Dillman CJ, Wisleder D, Werner SL, Fleisig GS, Lemak LJ, Andrews JR. A kinematic comparison between baseball pitching and football passing. Sports Medicine Update 6(2):13-16, HEALTHSOUTH Sports Medicine Network, 1991

Fleisig GS, Dillman CJ, Wick HS, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of throwing. Scienze Motorie E Sportive 3(1):72-76, 1991 (in Italian)

Fleisig GS, Dillman CJ, Andrews JR. A biomechanical description of the shoulder joint during pitching. Sports Medicine Update 6(3):10-15, HEALTHSOUTH Sports Medicine Network, 1991

Wisleder D, Fleisig GS, Dillman CJ, Schob CJ, Andrews JR. Development of a biomechanical analysis of throwing with clinical applications for pitchers. Sports Medicine Update 4(2):28-31, HEALTHSOUTH Sports Medicine Network, 1989

Fleisig GS, Dun S, Kingsley D. Biomechanics of the shoulder during sports. InWilk KE, Reinold MM, Andrews JR (eds), The Athlete’s Shoulder, second edition, Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 365-384, 2009.

Zheng N, Fleisig GS, Barrenine S, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of Pitching. In Hung GK, Pallis JM (eds): Biomedical Engineering Principles in Sports, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp 209-256, 2004

Barrentine SW, Fleisig GS, Dillman CJ, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of the elbow and throwing mechanisms. In Baker CL, Plancher KD (eds), Operative Treatment of Elbow Injuries, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 29-39, 2001

Andrews JR, Fairbanks JH, Wilk KE, Fleisig GS, Schwartz ML. Labral tears in throwing sports. In Garrett WE, Speer KP, Kirkendall DT (eds), Principles and Practice of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 457-477, 2000

Fleisig GS, Jameson GG, Dillman CJ, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of overhead sports. In Garrett WE, Kirkendall DT (eds), Exercise and Sport Science, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadephia, pp 563-584, 2000

Fleisig GS, Escamilla RF, Barrentine SW. Biomechanics of pitching. In Andrews JR, Zarins B, Dillman CJ, Maughon TS (eds), Injuries in Baseball, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, pp 3-22, 1998

Fleisig GS, Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of throwing. In Zachazewski JE, Magee DJ, Quillen WS (eds), Athletic Injuries and Rehabilitation, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 332-353, 1996

Dillman CJ, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR. Mechanics of throwing. In Hawkins R, Misamore GW (eds), Shoulder Injuries in the Athlete, Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 23-30, 1996

Fleisig GS. The Biomechanics of Golf. In Stover CN et al. (eds), Feeling up to Par: Medicine from Tee to Green, F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, pp 17-26, 1994

Fleisig GS, Dillman CJ, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of the shoulder during throwing. In Andrews, JR, Wilk KE (eds): The Athlete's Shoulder, Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 355-368, 1994

Dillman CJ, Fleisig GS, Werner SL, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of the shoulder in sports: throwing activities. In Matsen FA, Fu FH, Hawkins RJ (eds): The Shoulder: A Balance of Mobility and Stability, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont IL, pp 621-633, 1993

Andrews JR, Chmielewski T, Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Wilk KE. Conditioning program for professional baseball pitchers. American Sports Medicine Institute, Birmingham, AL, 1997

American Sports Medicine Institute (Fleisig GS, booklet ed). The fine arts of throwing and pitching: videotape and booklet. Alerion Films Inc, Birmingham, AL, 1994

Dillman CJ, Fleisig GS, Werner SL, Andrews JR. Mechanics of the shoulder in sports: throwing activities. Postgraduate Studies in Sports Physical Therapy, Forum Medicum, Inc., 1991

Member of the American College of Sports Medicine, American Society of Biomechanics, American Sports Medicine Fellowship Society, International Society of Biomechanics, International Society of Biomechanics in Sports, International Sports Engineering Association, and MIT Educational Council.

Member of the Editorial Review Board for The American Journal of Orthopaedics and Sports Biomechanics.